A) By Structure or Function
B) By Exam Mode
C) Statistics

A) By Structure or Function

• Aortic root, thoracic ascending and descending aorta and arch
  • Aortic root, M-mode
  • Aortic root and sino-tubular junction, 2D
  • Aortic valve annulus (outflow tract)
  • Aortic valve annulus (valve)
  • Ascending aorta
  • Aortic arch
  • Aortic atheromas, classification
  • Descending aorta, thoracic
• Left Ventricular Volumes & Systolic Function
  • Isovolumetric contraction time
  • Mitral E-septum separation
  • Fractional shortening
  • Aortic root systolic excursion
  • M-mode ejection fraction
  • Mean velocity of circumferential fibre shortening
  • Wall thickening
  • Monoplane volume & ejection fraction
    • Area/length
    • Dodge formula
    • Teicholz
  • Biplane volume & ejection fraction
    • Area/length
  • Cardiac base systolic descent
  • Stroke volume (Doppler)
  • Circumferential end-systolic wall stress
  • Meridional end-systolic wall stress
  • Mid-systolic stress
  • Mean wall stress
  • Pre-ejection wall stress
  • Systolic wall tension
  • Mean systolic ejection rate
  • Left ventricular dP/dt
  • Left ventricular segmental wall motion
• Left Ventricular Diastolic Characteristics
  • Isovolumetric relaxation time
  • Preload
• Left Atrial Function
  • Biplane volume
• Aortic Valve Stenosis
  • Continuity equation
  • Flow rate
  • Valve resistance
• Left Atrial Appendage (Transesophageal)
  • Shear rate of blood 
• Doppler Echocardiography, general
  • Doppler equation
• Hemodynamics & Estimation of Intracardiac Pressures
  • Right atrial pressure
  • Right ventricular systolic pressure
  • Right ventricular stroke work index
  • Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure
    • Pulmonary artery diastolic regurgitation
  • Pulmonary vascular resistance index
  • Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
    • Palomo et al, 1980
    • Pulmonary diastolic regurgitation
    • Mitral & pulmonary venous flow velocity patterns
  • Mid-systolic left atrial pressure
  • Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
    • Mitral valve B-bump
    • Palomo et al., 1980
    • Rossvoll & Hatle index 
  • Preload recruitable stroke work
  • Transmural pressure
  • Left ventricular work and stroke work index
  • Systemic vascular resistance and index
  • Coronary perfusion pressure
  • Double product
• Various
  • Heart rate
  • Body surface area
• Left Ventricular Geometry
  • Long / short axis ratio
  • Sphericity index
  • Hypertrophy index
  • Left ventricular mass, M-mode
  • Left ventricular mass, 2D
  • Left ventricular geometry pattern in  hypertrophy
• Mitral Valve Morphology
  • Percent calcification
  • Mitral score

B) By Exam Mode

• M-Mode
  • Isovolumetric contraction time
  • Isovolumetric relaxation time
  • Mitral E-septum separation
  • Fractional shortening
  • Aortic root systolic excursion
  • M-mode ejection fraction
  • Mean velocity of circumferential fibre shortening
  • Wall thickening
  • Monoplane volume & ejection fraction
    • Teicholz
  • Meridional end-systolic wall stress
  • Mid-systolic stress
  • Mean wall stress
  • Pre-ejection wall stress
  • Systolic wall tension
  • Mean systolic ejection rate
  • Right atrial pressure
  • Mitral valve B-bump
  • Hypertrophy index
  • Left ventricular mass, M-mode
  • Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
    • Palomo et al, 1980
  • Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
    • Palomo et al., 1980
    • Mitral valve B-bump
• 2D Mode
  • Monoplane volume & ejection fraction
    • Area/length
    • Dodge formula
  • Biplane volume & ejection fraction
    • Area/length
    • 2D axes
  • Cardiac base systolic descent
  • Left ventricular mass, 2D
  • Circumferential end-systolic wall stress
  • Preload
  • Left ventricular segmental wall motion
  • Left atrial biplane volume
  • Left atrial appendage shear rate of blood
  • Preload recruitable stroke work 
  • Long / short axis ratio
  • Sphericity index
  • Mitral valve percent calcification
  • Mitral score
• Doppler Echocardiography
  • Doppler equation
  • Left ventricular stroke volume (Doppler)
  • Left ventricular dP/dt
  • Isovolumetric relaxation time
  • Aortic valve continuity equation
  • Aortic valve flow rate
  • Aortic valve resistance
  • Right ventricular systolic pressure
  • Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
    • Pulmonary diastolic regurgitation
    • Mitral & pulmonary venous flow velocity patterns
  • Mid-systolic left atrial pressure
  • Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
    • Rossvoll & Hatle index

C) Statistics

• Unpaired t-test

 

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